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QCOM QUALCOMM Incorporated — dividend yield, history & ex-dividend dates

NASDAQ Global Select· Quarterly dividend· Common Stock · Technology / Semiconductors

$182.97 ▼ $-1.20(-0.65%) as of Oct 29, 2026 06:20 UTC
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QUALCOMM Incorporated is a company dedicated to developing and bringing to market fundamental technologies crucial for the global wireless communication industry. Its operations are structured into three primary segments: Qualcomm CDMA Technologies (QCT), Qualcomm Technology Licensing (QTL), and Qualcomm Strategic Initiatives (QSI). The QCT division specializes in creating and supplying integrated circuits and system software, leveraging 3G, 4G, 5G, and other advanced wireless technologies. These components are essential for a range of products, including those used for wireless voice and data communication, networking, application processing, multimedia, and global positioning. The QTL segment generates revenue by licensing its extensive intellectual property portfolio, which encompasses various patent rights vital for the manufacture and sale of wireless devices, particularly those adhering to standards like CDMA2000, WCDMA, LTE, and OFDMA-based 5G. Through its QSI segment, Qualcomm invests in early-stage companies across diverse sectors such as 5G, artificial intelligence, automotive, consumer electronics, enterprise solutions, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, aiming to support the introduction of new products and services for both existing and emerging communication applications. Furthermore, the company provides development services and related products to United States government agencies and their contractors. Founded in 1985, QUALCOMM Incorporated maintains its headquarters in San Diego, California.

Dividend Snapshot

StatusGrowing
Last Dividend$0.9200Paid Sep 24, 2026
Forward Annual$3.68From the $0.9200 dividend declared Oct 08, 2026
FrequencyQuarterly
Last Ex-DateSep 03, 2026The most recent ex-dividend date that has already passed.
Next Ex-DateDec 03, 2026$0.9200, declared Oct 08, 2026The ex-dividend date of the next payment the company has declared, or that is scheduled when no declaration is on file. Future dates our data provider only projects are not shown.
Next Pay DateDec 17, 2026
1-Yr Growth5.1%Annual totals, 2024–2025
10-Yr Growth6.6%Annual totals, 2015–2025

Research Scores

Scores describe this security's published financial data on a 0–100 scale using the formulas on our methodology pages. They are the same for every reader, are not a probability or a forecast, and are not a recommendation. Past dividend growth does not guarantee future increases. Report a data error.

Dividend Safety Score

97/100

Very strong indicators

Complete data

Dividend Growth Score

72/100

Strong growth record

Complete data

Dividend Value Score

46/100

Near own historical valuation

Complete data

DividendRank

74/100

Upper middle of the scale

Complete data

How the Dividend Safety Score is built for QCOM
Dividend Safety Score inputs, points and weights
InputValuePointsWeight
Earnings payout ratioEarnings payout ratio 41% (TTM to Jun 28, 2026) 99 20%
FCF payout ratioFCF payout ratio 37% (TTM to Jun 28, 2026) 100 25%
Net debt / EBITDANet debt / EBITDA 0.5x (TTM to Jun 28, 2026) 100 15%
Interest coverageInterest coverage 17.8x (TTM to Jun 28, 2026) 100 10%
Dividend record23 years of uninterrupted regular payments 87 20%
Earnings stabilityNet income positive in 5 of the last 5 fiscal years (FY2021–FY2025) 100 10%

Inputs that are not available are left out and the remaining weights are scaled up. Profile: ordinary company. Formula version 2026-10-19.4.

How the Dividend Growth Score is built for QCOM
Dividend Growth Score inputs, points and weights
InputValuePointsWeight
5-year dividend growth5-year dividend CAGR 6.5% (2020–2025) 82 25%
Consecutive annual increases22 consecutive annual increases (through 2025) 96 20%
Payout headroomHeadroom from the earnings payout ratio 41% (TTM to Jun 28, 2026) 98 20%
Earnings per share growth (3 years)EPS CAGR -23.9% (FY2022–FY2025) 0 15%
Revenue growth (3 years)Revenue CAGR 0.1% (FY2022–FY2025) 41 10%
10-year dividend growth10-year dividend CAGR 6.6% (2015–2025) 82 10%

Inputs that are not available are left out and the remaining weights are scaled up. Profile: ordinary company. Formula version 2026-10-19.4.

How the Dividend Value Score is built for QCOM
Dividend Value Score inputs, points and weights
InputValuePointsWeight
Yield vs own historyCurrent yield at the 31st percentile of its 120 month-end yields 31 40%
P/E vs own 5-year medianP/E 20.1 is 1.16x its 5-year median of 17.3 30 25%
FCF yieldFCF yield 5.3% (TTM to Jun 28, 2026) 72 20%
P/E vs peersP/E 20.1 vs peer median 26.7 (0.75x; 69 corporation / Technology securities) 81 15%

Inputs that are not available are left out and the remaining weights are scaled up. Profile: ordinary company. Formula version 2026-10-19.4.

Key Metrics

Current Yield

2.01%

At the Oct 29, 2026 price

The annual dividend as a percentage of the share price. A 3% yield is about $3 of dividends a year for every $100 invested at today's price.

Annualized Dividend

$3.6800

Declared Oct 08, 2026

The latest declared regular dividend scaled to a full year by how often it's paid (for semi-annual payers, the latest two payments), adjusted for stock splits. A $0.25 quarterly dividend annualizes to $1.00. Special dividends are excluded.

Frequency

Q Quarterly

How often the dividend is paid, read from the dates of recent payments: Q = quarterly (4x a year), M = monthly, S = semi-annual, A = annual.

RSI (14)

55

As of Oct 29, 2026

Relative Strength Index (0-100), a price-momentum gauge. Above 70 is often called 'overbought', below 30 'oversold'. A technical signal, not a dividend metric.

52-Week Range

$124.07 – $251.02

Closes through Oct 23, 2026

The lowest and highest price over the past year, showing where today's price sits in its recent range.

Payout Ratio (TTM)

41.31%

12 months to Jun 28, 2026 (Q3 FY2026)

The share of earnings paid out as dividends over the trailing twelve months (TTM): dividends paid divided by net income across the company's four most recent reported quarters, dated by the latest quarter end. A fiscal-year tag such as FY2025 means only annual figures were available. Lower leaves more cushion; above 100% means paying out more than the company earned. It shows n/a for funds and when net income over the period was negative; for REITs and BDCs it is marked EPS-based, since they are judged on FFO/AFFO or net investment income instead.

Years Paying

28

How many years of payments we have on record. This can understate very long histories where our data doesn't reach far enough back.

Price / Book (TTM)

6.72

Price as of Oct 25, 2026; latest reported book value

Price-to-book ratio: the share price on the date shown divided by the latest reported book value per share. A rough valuation gauge, most useful for asset-heavy sectors like REITs, banks and insurers.

S.A.F.E. Dividend Read

S.A.F.E. is a set of four checks on a dividend's record and the company's data, the same test used across the screener and our ranked lists. Solid: a Dividend Safety Score of 70+ and a yield of 2%+. Accelerating: at least three consecutive completed calendar years of higher total regular dividends. Flawless: since 1990, no calendar year whose total regular dividend fell more than 20% below the year before, and no suspension. Enduring: at least 20 years between the first and latest dividend in our records. All four met earns the S.A.F.E. flag.
S Solid
Meets the Solid check: Dividend Safety Score 97/100 and yield 2.01%.
A Accelerating
22 consecutive years of dividend increases.
F Flawless
No calendar year's regular dividend total fell more than 20% below the year before, and no suspension of the regular dividend is on record.
E Enduring
28 years of dividend payments on record.

Quote & Key Data

ExchangeNASDAQ Global SelectThe stock exchange where the shares trade, such as NYSE or Nasdaq.
Volume7,255,809Oct 23, 2026 sessionHow many shares changed hands in the trading session dated beside this figure, a rough read on trading activity. Daily bars are refreshed on a slower cycle than the quoted price, so this session can be older than the price above.
Open$172.07Oct 23, 2026 sessionThe price at the start of the trading session dated beside this figure, which can be earlier than the session the quoted price comes from.
Day Range$171.48 – $176.98Oct 23, 2026 sessionThe lowest and highest price during the trading session dated beside this figure, which can be earlier than the session the quoted price comes from.
Prev Close$172.83Close of Oct 22, 2026The closing price from the session before the one dated beside these figures.
Market Cap$195.38BAs of Oct 29, 2026The company's total market value (share price times shares outstanding) on the date shown.
Shares Out1.07BImplied by market cap, Oct 29, 2026Shares outstanding implied by the market cap and share price on the date shown.
EPS (TTM)$8.7612 months to Jun 28, 2026 (Q3 FY2026)Earnings per share over the trailing twelve months (TTM), labeled with the end date of the latest reported quarter and shown in the company's reporting currency. Dividends are paid out of these earnings.
P/E (TTM)20.0Price as of Oct 25, 2026; earnings to Jun 28, 2026Price-to-earnings ratio: the share price on the date shown divided by trailing-twelve-month earnings per share. A rough gauge of how richly the stock is valued.
Last Ex-DateSep 03, 2026Paid Sep 24, 2026The most recent ex-dividend date that has already passed.
Next Ex-DateDec 03, 2026Pays Dec 17, 2026; declaredThe ex-dividend date of the next payment the company has declared, or that is scheduled when no declaration is on file. Future dates our data provider only projects are not shown.

Dividend Growth

3-Yr Growth (CAGR)5.5%Annual totals, 2022–2025The dividend's average annual growth rate over the period, compounded.
5-Yr Growth (CAGR)6.5%Annual totals, 2020–2025The dividend's average annual growth rate over the period, compounded.
Consecutive Increases22 yrsAnnual totals through 2025The number of consecutive years the dividend has increased.

How often a record like this ends in a cut

Years the payout rose22Since Sep 1998
Rank among payers365of 2,430 with a record
Years it fell over 20%0in 22 comparable years
Of peers with 10 to 24 up years75%also cut at some point

QCOM has raised its annual dividend in 22 separate years since September 1998, which ranks 365 among the 2,430 payers with a comparable record in our dataset. No year in that span saw the annual total fall by more than a fifth.

Of the 878 companies we track with 10 to 24 years of increases, 661 — 75 per cent — also have at least one year in which the dividend fell by more than 20 per cent. Across every company with twenty years of comparable history, only 277 of 1078 (26 per cent) have never cut. A long record of increases is common; a record with no cut anywhere in it is not.

Measured from annual totals using split-adjusted amounts, comparing only consecutive years with the same number of payments — a stock split and a payment shifting across a year boundary both look like cuts otherwise. The current year is excluded as incomplete. How we measure a cut, and what the corrections change. Figures are for information only, not a view on any security.

Why the Yield Moved (90 Days)

QCOM's dividend yield fell from 2.49% to 2.01% over the past ~90 days (-0.48 pp). Of that move, +0.00 pp came from changes in the dividend rate and -0.48 pp from the share price ($147.61 on Jul 31, 2026 → $182.97 on Oct 29, 2026). A yield that rises because the price fell is not an improvement in the payout itself.

Yield vs Its Own History

Current2.01%
1-Yr Average2.18%
Low / High1.47% – 2.97%
Percentile26%

Across 273 daily observations over the past 13 months (through Oct 23, 2026), QCOM's current yield is higher than approximately 26% of them. Our stored price history for QCOM covers the past 13 months; 3- and 5-year averages are not yet computable from it and are deliberately not shown.

Adjusted Price History

Dividend History

Dividend Payment History

Ex-dividend calendar →
Amount Type Declared Ex-Date Record Pay
$0.9200 Q Regular upcoming, declared Oct 08, 2026 Dec 03, 2026 Dec 03, 2026 Dec 17, 2026
$0.9200 Q Regular Jul 09, 2026 Sep 03, 2026 Sep 03, 2026 Sep 24, 2026
$0.9200 Q Regular Apr 01, 2026 Jun 04, 2026 Jun 04, 2026 Jun 25, 2026
$0.8900 Q Regular Jan 12, 2026 Mar 05, 2026 Mar 05, 2026 Mar 26, 2026
$0.8900 Q Regular Oct 06, 2025 Dec 04, 2025 Dec 04, 2025 Dec 18, 2025
$0.8900 Q Regular Jul 07, 2025 Sep 04, 2025 Sep 04, 2025 Sep 25, 2025
$0.8900 Q Regular Apr 09, 2025 Jun 05, 2025 Jun 05, 2025 Jun 26, 2025
$0.8500 Q Regular Jan 17, 2025 Mar 06, 2025 Mar 06, 2025 Mar 27, 2025
$0.8500 Q Regular Oct 07, 2024 Dec 05, 2024 Dec 05, 2024 Dec 19, 2024
$0.8500 Q Regular Jul 17, 2024 Sep 05, 2024 Sep 05, 2024 Sep 26, 2024
$0.8500 Q Regular Apr 12, 2024 May 30, 2024 May 30, 2024 Jun 20, 2024
$0.8000 Q Regular Jan 19, 2024 Feb 28, 2024 Feb 29, 2024 Mar 21, 2024
$0.8000 Q Regular Oct 13, 2023 Nov 29, 2023 Nov 30, 2023 Dec 14, 2023
$0.8000 Q Regular Jul 14, 2023 Aug 30, 2023 Aug 31, 2023 Sep 21, 2023
$0.8000 Q Regular Apr 12, 2023 May 31, 2023 Jun 01, 2023 Jun 22, 2023
$0.7500 Q Regular Jan 18, 2023 Mar 01, 2023 Mar 02, 2023 Mar 23, 2023
$0.7500 Q Regular Oct 14, 2022 Nov 30, 2022 Dec 01, 2022 Dec 15, 2022
$0.7500 Q Regular Jul 15, 2022 Aug 31, 2022 Sep 01, 2022 Sep 22, 2022
$0.7500 Q Regular Apr 13, 2022 Jun 01, 2022 Jun 02, 2022 Jun 23, 2022
$0.7500 Q Regular Jan 18, 2022 Mar 02, 2022 Mar 03, 2022 Mar 24, 2022
$0.6800 Q Regular Oct 13, 2021 Dec 01, 2021 Dec 02, 2021 Dec 16, 2021
$0.6800 Q Regular Jul 14, 2021 Sep 01, 2021 Sep 02, 2021 Sep 23, 2021
$0.6800 Q Regular Apr 14, 2021 Jun 02, 2021 Jun 03, 2021 Jun 24, 2021
$0.6500 Q Regular Jan 20, 2021 Mar 03, 2021 Mar 04, 2021 Mar 25, 2021
$0.6500 Q Regular Oct 14, 2020 Dec 02, 2020 Dec 03, 2020 Dec 17, 2020
$0.6500 Q Regular Jul 15, 2020 Sep 02, 2020 Sep 03, 2020 Sep 24, 2020
$0.6500 Q Regular Apr 07, 2020 Jun 03, 2020 Jun 04, 2020 Jun 25, 2020
$0.6200 Q Regular Jan 09, 2020 Mar 04, 2020 Mar 05, 2020 Mar 26, 2020
$0.6200 Q Regular Oct 09, 2019 Dec 04, 2019 Dec 05, 2019 Dec 19, 2019
$0.6200 Q Regular Jul 17, 2019 Sep 11, 2019 Sep 12, 2019 Sep 26, 2019
$0.6200 Q Regular May 07, 2019 Jun 05, 2019 Jun 06, 2019 Jun 27, 2019
$0.6200 Q Regular Jan 14, 2019 Mar 06, 2019 Mar 07, 2019 Mar 28, 2019
$0.6200 Q Regular Oct 23, 2018 Dec 06, 2018 Dec 06, 2018 Dec 20, 2018
$0.6200 Q Regular Jul 12, 2018 Sep 04, 2018 Sep 05, 2018 Sep 26, 2018
$0.6200 Q Regular Apr 17, 2018 May 29, 2018 May 30, 2018 Jun 20, 2018
$0.5700 Q Regular Jan 12, 2018 Feb 27, 2018 Feb 28, 2018 Mar 21, 2018
$0.5700 Q Regular Oct 10, 2017 Nov 28, 2017 Nov 29, 2017 Dec 15, 2017
$0.5700 Q Regular Jul 13, 2017 Aug 28, 2017 Aug 30, 2017 Sep 20, 2017
$0.5700 Q Regular Apr 12, 2017 May 26, 2017 May 31, 2017 Jun 21, 2017
$0.5300 Q Regular Jan 12, 2017 Feb 27, 2017 Mar 01, 2017 Mar 22, 2017
$0.5300 Q Regular Oct 06, 2016 Nov 28, 2016 Nov 30, 2016 Dec 16, 2016
$0.5300 Q Regular Jul 12, 2016 Aug 29, 2016 Aug 31, 2016 Sep 21, 2016
$0.5300 Q Regular Apr 08, 2016 May 27, 2016 Jun 01, 2016 Jun 22, 2016
$0.4800 Q Regular Jan 12, 2016 Feb 29, 2016 Mar 02, 2016 Mar 23, 2016
$0.4800 Q Regular Oct 09, 2015 Nov 27, 2015 Dec 01, 2015 Dec 18, 2015
$0.4800 Q Regular Jul 07, 2015 Aug 31, 2015 Sep 02, 2015 Sep 23, 2015
$0.4800 Q Regular Apr 08, 2015 Jun 01, 2015 Jun 03, 2015 Jun 24, 2015
$0.4200 Q Regular Jan 14, 2015 Mar 02, 2015 Mar 04, 2015 Mar 25, 2015
$0.4200 Q Regular Oct 16, 2014 Nov 26, 2014 Dec 01, 2014 Dec 18, 2014
$0.4200 Q Regular Jul 18, 2014 Aug 29, 2014 Sep 03, 2014 Sep 24, 2014
$0.4200 Q Regular Mar 04, 2014 Jun 02, 2014 Jun 04, 2014 Jun 25, 2014
$0.3500 Q Regular Jan 22, 2014 Mar 03, 2014 Mar 05, 2014 Mar 26, 2014
$0.3500 Q Regular Oct 24, 2013 Nov 27, 2013 Dec 02, 2013 Dec 19, 2013
$0.3500 Q Regular Jul 17, 2013 Aug 30, 2013 Sep 04, 2013 Sep 25, 2013
$0.3500 Q Regular Apr 09, 2013 Jun 03, 2013 Jun 05, 2013 Jun 26, 2013
$0.2500 Q Regular Jan 15, 2013 Mar 06, 2013 Mar 08, 2013 Mar 27, 2013
$0.2500 Q Regular Oct 17, 2012 Dec 05, 2012 Dec 07, 2012 Dec 21, 2012
$0.2500 Q Regular Jul 06, 2012 Sep 05, 2012 Sep 07, 2012 Sep 26, 2012
$0.2500 Q Regular Apr 03, 2012 May 30, 2012 Jun 01, 2012 Jun 20, 2012
$0.2150 Q Regular Jan 10, 2012 Feb 29, 2012 Mar 02, 2012 Mar 23, 2012
$0.2150 Q Regular Oct 11, 2011 Nov 21, 2011 Nov 23, 2011 Dec 21, 2011
$0.2150 Q Regular Jul 13, 2011 Aug 24, 2011 Aug 26, 2011 Sep 23, 2011
$0.2150 Q Regular Apr 07, 2011 May 25, 2011 May 27, 2011 Jun 24, 2011
$0.1900 Q Regular Jan 14, 2011 Feb 23, 2011 Feb 25, 2011 Mar 25, 2011
$0.1900 Q Regular Oct 04, 2010 Nov 22, 2010 Nov 24, 2010 Dec 22, 2010
$0.1900 Q Regular Jul 08, 2010 Aug 25, 2010 Aug 27, 2010 Sep 24, 2010
$0.1900 Q Regular Apr 05, 2010 May 26, 2010 May 28, 2010 Jun 25, 2010
$0.1700 Q Regular Jan 07, 2010 Feb 24, 2010 Feb 26, 2010 Mar 26, 2010
$0.1700 Q Regular Oct 02, 2009 Nov 23, 2009 Nov 25, 2009 Dec 23, 2009
$0.1700 Q Regular Jul 08, 2009 Aug 26, 2009 Aug 28, 2009 Sep 25, 2009
$0.1700 Q Regular Apr 08, 2009 May 27, 2009 May 29, 2009 Jun 26, 2009
$0.1600 Q Regular Jan 16, 2009 Feb 25, 2009 Feb 27, 2009 Mar 27, 2009
$0.1600 Q Regular Oct 22, 2008 Dec 09, 2008 Dec 11, 2008 Jan 07, 2009
$0.1600 Q Regular Jul 16, 2008 Aug 27, 2008 Aug 29, 2008 Sep 26, 2008
$0.1600 Q Regular Apr 10, 2008 May 28, 2008 May 30, 2008 Jun 27, 2008
$0.1400 Q Regular Jan 16, 2008 Feb 27, 2008 Feb 29, 2008 Mar 28, 2008
$0.1400 Q Regular Oct 11, 2007 Dec 05, 2007 Dec 07, 2007 Jan 04, 2008
$0.1400 Q Regular Jul 13, 2007 Aug 29, 2007 Aug 31, 2007 Sep 28, 2007
$0.1400 Q Regular Apr 03, 2007 May 30, 2007 Jun 01, 2007 Jun 29, 2007
$0.1200 Q Regular Jan 04, 2007 Feb 28, 2007 Mar 02, 2007 Mar 30, 2007
$0.1200 Q Regular Oct 05, 2006 Dec 05, 2006 Dec 07, 2006 Jan 04, 2007
$0.1200 Q Regular Jul 07, 2006 Aug 23, 2006 Aug 25, 2006 Sep 22, 2006
$0.1200 Q Regular Apr 07, 2006 May 24, 2006 May 26, 2006 Jun 23, 2006
$0.0900 Q Regular Jan 12, 2006 Feb 22, 2006 Feb 24, 2006 Mar 24, 2006
$0.0900 Q Regular Oct 10, 2005 Dec 05, 2005 Dec 07, 2005 Jan 04, 2006
$0.0900 Q Regular Jul 07, 2005 Aug 24, 2005 Aug 26, 2005 Sep 23, 2005
$0.0900 Q Regular Apr 19, 2005 May 25, 2005 May 27, 2005 Jun 24, 2005
$0.0700 Q Regular Jan 26, 2005 Feb 23, 2005 Feb 25, 2005 Mar 25, 2005
$0.0700 Q Regular Nov 10, 2004 Dec 06, 2004 Dec 08, 2004 Jan 05, 2005
$0.0700 Q Regular Jul 13, 2004 Aug 25, 2004 Aug 27, 2004 Sep 24, 2004
$0.1000 Q Regular Mar 02, 2004 May 26, 2004 May 28, 2004 Jun 25, 2004
$0.0700 Q Regular Dec 09, 2003 Feb 25, 2004 Feb 27, 2004 Mar 26, 2004
$0.0700 Q Regular Oct 08, 2003 Nov 25, 2003 Nov 28, 2003 Dec 26, 2003
$0.0700 Q Regular Jul 16, 2003 Aug 27, 2003 Aug 29, 2003 Sep 26, 2003
$0.0500 Q Regular May 01, 2003 May 28, 2003 May 30, 2003 Jun 27, 2003
$0.0500 Q Regular Feb 11, 2003 Mar 12, 2003 Mar 14, 2003 Mar 31, 2003
$1.1250 I One-off N/A Sep 24, 1998 N/A N/A

Peer Comparison

Selected Semiconductors dividend payers we cover, strongest DividendRank first — for context, not a recommendation.

TickerNameYield5-Yr GrowthStreakRank
NVDA NVIDIA Corporation 0.46% 20.1% 2 yrs 84
DISPF Disco Corporation 0.70% 14.3% 2 yrs 80
TEL TE Connectivity plc 1.41% 7.9% 15 yrs 75
DINRF SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd. 1.22% 71.9% 1 yr 74

QCOM dividend — frequently asked questions

Does QUALCOMM Incorporated pay a dividend?

Yes. QUALCOMM Incorporated (QCOM) currently pays a dividend. The annualized dividend is about $3.68 per share, a yield of approximately 2.01%.

What is QUALCOMM Incorporated's dividend yield?

QUALCOMM Incorporated's dividend yield is approximately 2.01%, based on the most recent regular payment annualized against the current share price. Yields move as the share price changes.

How often does QUALCOMM Incorporated pay dividends?

QUALCOMM Incorporated pays dividends quarterly — 4 times per year.

When is QUALCOMM Incorporated's next ex-dividend date?

The next declared ex-dividend date for QUALCOMM Incorporated is December 3, 2026. The associated payment is $0.9200 per share; you must own the shares before the ex-dividend date to receive it.

How long has QUALCOMM Incorporated paid dividends?

QUALCOMM Incorporated has 28 years of dividend payments on record, and has increased its dividend for 22 consecutive years.

Data updated Oct 29, 2026. This research page is generated from Dividendly's structured market and dividend dataset using the approach described on our methodology and data sources pages. Data is automatically validated using defined rules and may also be periodically reviewed. Research only, not investment advice. Spotted a data error? Report it.